Certificate in Play Based-Treatment of Trauma Mastery Test

1. John Briere identifies two categories of abuse: Acts of Omission and Acts of Commission. Acts of Commission involve

2. There is a considerable amount of research that relates insecure attachment to experiences of

3. Gil’s extended developmental assessment is a non-structured approach that uses a combination of both directive and non-directive strategies; the initial phase is

4. Exposure of children to mildly stressful experiences can help them become more

5. Kendall-Tackett, Williams and Finkelhor (1993) found that over 40% of children who have been physically abused are

6. Friedrich (2002) argues that all 4-treatment goal areas (attachment, emotional dysregulation, self-perception, and family relationships) should be

7. An example of Freud’s notion of “repetition compulsion” is when a sexually abused child

8. As noted by the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse & Neglect (2003), there is likely

9. Gil notes that trauma negotiation involves 2 learned adaptive responses,

10. There are a substantial number of children who show little or no apparent reaction after a traumatic event, and this is mostly due to

11. An individual may present signs of cognitive constriction as well as signs

12. The left hemisphere is linked to implicit information processing versus more conscious processing, which is linked to

13. Alan Schore’s model emphasizes the importance of the right hemisphere in affect regulation. He argues that the right hemisphere holds explicit memories that stem back to early relational experiences, and in the case of early relational trauma, it is

14. “Denial and numbing” may be seen as defences against

15. Van der Kolk suggests that many problems of traumatized children can be understood as efforts to minimize

16. Gil argues that there are a number of possible “therapy formats” within an integrated treatment approach, ranging from

17. The Experiential Mastery Technique (Shelby) may help with the integration process as the child gains

18. Gil asserts that in using expressive techniques, the clinician is able to gather information about the child from two dimensions

19. Susan Harter’s work on self-perception suggests that in treatment of traumatized children it is best to emphasize optimism and bolster their self-identity or self-esteem, versus

20. There are 3 types of insecure attachment; the insecurely attached child operates from the basis that there is unpredictability, a lack of reciprocity, and/or

21. Studies of the play transcripts of insecurely attached children show the child can play the victim and victimizer roles. This finding is consistent with Bowlby’s notion that

22. Trauma narratives can really only be created in specific ways, based

23. There is some evidence (e.g., research by Pynoos et al) that suggests that traumatic stress interferes with narrative coherence, emotion regulation, and

24. Charles Schaeffer would argue that in Quadrant III, Non-Intrusive Responding, there is

25. The case of Jamie, a ten-year-old boy, indicates that he suffered both sexual abuse and early relational trauma. Accordingly, treatment activities primarily focused on

26. Katz and Gottman’s (1991) definition of emotion regulation can help the practitioner in play-based observations, such as examining the child’s ability to coordinate play and

27. Trepper and Barnett (1989) described four types of parental denial in child sexual abuse: denial of facts, denial of awareness, denial of responsibility, and

28. According to Chichetti, physically abused children are seen as falling into the

29. Directive techniques, such as exposure training, may be inappropriate for children showing symptoms such

30. In a Trauma-Focused Play Therapy model the therapist would never facilitate or initiate (through toy selection) posttraumatic play. However, they do set in motion

31. In the interview protocol developed by Eth and Pynoos children are asked to draw specific types of picture about their trauma and then are asked

32. An advantage of directive play therapy approaches to trauma treatment in children is the demonstrated effectiveness

33. The Dilation-Constriction Continuum focuses mostly on the

34. One of Gil’s goals in trauma treatment is to bring some part of the traumatic experience into conscious awareness. However Gil notes that the integration of memories and narratives can be accomplished in many ways, such as through repetition in play, and it should

35. Directive and nondirective approaches to play therapy have been equally

36. There are 3 types of insecure attachment. The insecurely attached child operates on the basis that there is

37. Many practitioners working from an integrated play-therapy model stress the importance of

38. The integration process, in part, involves a basic restructuring of

39. Gil notes that “dynamic” forms of posttraumatic play are of great concern because

40. Consistent with a view of the liberating and dangerous properties of posttraumatic play, Gil generally finds it useful to first allow the child to engage in posttraumatic play for 6-to-8 sessions, during which time she watches for

41. Expressive art making techniques, such as smearing and scribbling, can be used as a precursory therapeutic activity as well as in service of the

42. In Trauma Focused Play Therapy (TF-PT), psychoeducational information is provided to the child

43. Play therapy can offer a corrective emotional experience for children by offering an opportunity to develop an integrated perspective. This occurs through

44. According to Barbara Mills, one marker of therapeutic growth in traumatized children’s play behavior is

45. The “naming game” is a thought stopping technique that can be